Great question! Understanding CPT (Curricular Practical Training) and OPT (Optional Practical Training) is essential for international students in the USA who want to gain work experience during or after their studies. Here’s a detailed comparison to help you:

---

CPT (Curricular Practical Training)

What is it?
- CPT allows international students (on F-1 visa) to take part in off-campus internships, co-ops, or practical training that is an integral part of their curriculum.

When can you start?
- You can start CPT after completing at least one academic year (two semesters) of full-time study in the US. (Exception: graduate students with programs requiring immediate internship participation.)
- CPT can be part-time (up to 20 hours/week) during study or full-time (over 20 hours/week) during breaks or if your curriculum allows.

Duration:
- No maximum limit, but if you work 12 months or more of full-time CPT, you become ineligible for OPT.

Key Points:
- CPT must be directly related to your major and authorized by your university’s Designated School Official (DSO) and noted on your I-20.
- You must have a job/internship offer before applying for CPT.

---

OPT (Optional Practical Training)

What is it?
- OPT allows F-1 students to work up to 12 months in total (with possible STEM extension) in a job related to their field of study, before or after graduation.

When can you start?
- Pre-completion OPT: After completing one academic year (can be part-time while school is in session).
- Post-completion OPT: After completing your degree (most popular option).

Duration:
- Standard OPT: Up to 12 months in total.
- STEM Extension: An additional 24 months (for STEM degrees), making it 36 months in total.

Key Points:
- OPT does not require a job offer when you apply, but you must find a job within 90 days of starting OPT.
- OPT is authorized by USCIS (not just your university); application can take 2-3 months for approval.

---

Summary Table

| Feature | CPT | OPT |
|----------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
| Type | During study (curriculum-based) | During/after study (optional) |
| When to start | After 1 academic year (exceptions)| After 1 academic year or graduation |
| Authorization | University DSO | USCIS (US immigration) |
| Job offer needed | Yes (before applying) | No (when applying) |
| Time limit | No set limit, but >12 months FT loses OPT | 12 months (plus STEM extension) |
| Relation to studies | Must be required/part of curriculum| Must be related to major |

---

When should you consider each?

- CPT: If your degree requires an internship or you want to do an internship during your studies.
- OPT: If you want to work after graduation or gain additional practical training experience.

---

Need help choosing universities or understanding how these options can fit your career goals?
Pollster Education provides personalized guidance for US admissions, visa processes, and more. Feel free to reach out for one-on-one counseling!

Contact us: