Great question! CPT (Curricular Practical Training) and OPT (Optional Practical Training) are both types of work authorization available to international students (F-1 visa holders) in the USA, but they have important differences. Here’s a clear breakdown:

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Curricular Practical Training (CPT)

Purpose:
CPT allows F-1 students to gain work experience that is an integral part of their curriculum. It is generally part of an internship, practicum, or cooperative education program that is required or earns academic credit.

Key Points:
- Eligibility: You must have completed at least one academic year (except for graduate students whose program requires immediate CPT).
- When: Can be done during your studies (not after graduation).
- Full-time/Part-time: Can be part-time (≤20 hours/week) during classes, or full-time (>20 hours/week) during breaks.
- Employer Specific: Authorization is for a specific employer and period.
- Impact on OPT: If you do 12 months or more of full-time CPT, you become ineligible for OPT. Part-time CPT does not affect OPT eligibility.
- Application: Approved by your university's International Student Office (not USCIS).
- Paid/Unpaid: Can be either paid or unpaid.

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Optional Practical Training (OPT)

Purpose:
OPT provides F-1 students the opportunity to work in their field of study for up to 12 months (with possible STEM extension) either during or after their studies.

Key Points:
- Eligibility: You must have completed at least one academic year. OPT can be used before (pre-completion) or after (post-completion) you finish your degree.
- When: Most students use OPT after graduation (post-completion).
- Full-time/Part-time: Pre-completion OPT is part-time during school, full-time during breaks. Post-completion OPT is generally full-time.
- Employer: Not employer-specific; you can work for any employer in your field of study.
- Impact on CPT: Using CPT does not reduce your OPT unless you used 12+ months of full-time CPT.
- Application: Must be authorized by USCIS (takes 2-3 months).
- STEM Extension: Students in STEM fields may apply for a 24-month extension (total 36 months).
- Paid/Unpaid: Can be either paid or unpaid, as long as it relates to your major.

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In Summary:

- CPT is for work that is part of your academic program during your studies, requires school approval, and is employer-specific.
- OPT is broader, available during or after your studies, can be with any employer in your field, and requires USCIS approval.

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If you need help understanding how CPT or OPT might fit into your study plan, or choosing a university in the USA that offers strong support for internships and work experience, Pollster Education can guide you through the process!

Would you like more information on how to apply for CPT/OPT, or advice on universities with excellent career services?